<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0' version='2.0'><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 20:19:25 +0000</lastBuildDate><title>Through the Eyes of Equus</title><description>Katelyn's goal is to teach you how to use the horse's language  to connect with your horse. Feel is how horses perceive and understand the information you give them.tted  She is also committed to teaching humans how to bond with their horse to create mutual trust and partnership.  She specializes in liberty training.</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/</link><managingEditor>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>21</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-7431406554212388956</guid><pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 20:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T13:19:22.193-07:00</atom:updated><title>This blog has moved</title><description>&lt;br /&gt;       This blog is now located at http://katelynkent.blogspot.com/.&lt;br /&gt;       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click &lt;a href='http://katelynkent.blogspot.com/'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to&lt;br /&gt;       http://katelynkent.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-7431406554212388956?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/04/this-blog-has-moved.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-1656066021015340077</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Apr 2010 23:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-11T08:23:02.982-07:00</atom:updated><title>When there is Pain in the Mouth...Training goes South</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/phil-denistry-2-040-728313.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/phil-denistry-2-040-727965.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whenever I have a training issue with a horse, the first thing that comes to mind is that there is a break in communication between the horse and me. Next, I have to figure out what is happening or not happening to cause the lack of understanding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is our nature of humans to make the assumption that a horse is simply not listening or behaving badly. It has been my experience that if a horse isn't listening, it is because he doesn't understand the question (human error) or he is in some kind of distress that makes it very hard for him to pay attention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first place I tend to look is for obvious signs of discomfort. Since you know that I am going to talk about the teeth, it might be helpful to know symptoms of mouth pain. Other than observing a horse having trouble chewing his food or dropping more grain on the ground than that which makes it to his belly or having an hard time with his bit, the other symptoms may surprise you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I submit that the root of any number of seemingly unrelated training issues can be traced right to the horses mouth. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is wise to have proper dental care done by an experienced equine dentist at least once a year or when you just can't pinpoint a problem. In the upcoming issue of Natural Horse Magazine www.naturalhorse.com, I will be uncovering clues to help you understand how you might recognise dental issues in your horse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Phil Ratliff pictured, works in conjunction with veterinarian Dr. Diane Wagner VMD&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-1656066021015340077?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/04/pain-in-mouth-training-goes-south.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-1591307923140220250</guid><pubDate>Sun, 28 Mar 2010 14:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-29T20:47:06.060-07:00</atom:updated><title>Defining My Work in Order to Help You With Yours</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/heart-to-heartopt-735690.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/heart-to-heartopt-735154.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What training method is best for you?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step by step training is very popular these days. Its seductive because it is easy to simply buy a book or watch a video and then go out to the arena and try out what you saw on your horse. But, as popular as it is, it doesn't consider the horse as an individual and quite frankly seldom works as a long term solution. In fact, you may be creating new problems while solving the existing ones. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Go into your library and count the collection of books and videos you have purchased after the proceeding one fell short? Count the dollars you spent. But what is a horse owner to do? Are there other options? We all know the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over each time expecting a different result.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take the First Step to a Better Way&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lets imagine that you believe what I am telling you and chance setting your cookie cutter approach aside for just a bit and attempt to consider that horse as his own entity. Notice I said put it aside, not throw it a way. There are handy tools in some of those books and videos. I have my own collection and use pearls of wisdom from them now and again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now what? You have no tools and there is no plan. That probably won't work well all by itself, but you have done something that matters to the horse. It is HUGE. With nothing in your hands and with a clean slate, you are actually looking at your horse, perhaps for the very first time for who he is. Don't judge, just observe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now you can start addressing what he does. What if you have a horse that has a behavior that you can't help or figure out? Do you revert back to the manual out of frustration and try again? When that doesn't work, do you buy a different book....and so on and so on? It is a vicious cycle. It doesn't have to be. I recommend you do nothing until you are calm enough to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learn to Consider the Horse&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learning to consider the horse, is easier than you might think and you don't have to be a world class rider to do it. I teach horse owners how to increase their powers of observation. I can teach you what to do with your observations once I help you to understand them. I work with you to develop a plan to get horse and human in agreement so that you can ride or compete together and have fun doing it instead of being stuck in the ongoing wrestling match that caused you to buy that book or video in the first place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A New Seeing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What does a turn of the head or the direction of an eye or the twitch of a muscle mean to YOUR horse? Where do you need to place your body to work in communion with his? What works? What doesn't?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Working with your horse is like buying jeans. How many pair do you have to try on before the right pair fits the way you want them to? You have to be willing to try things on with your horse. It's really fun once you get the hang of understanding his reaction to what you have put in front of him. What if you get it wrong? You can't punish him for your mistakes any more than you punish yourself if you don't like the jeans on your body that looked great on the rack. Observe it, learn from it and try again. I can teach you how to know what to try. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;One Of the Keys...Free of Charge&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Explore your horse with calm observation with a foundation based on gentle forgiveness. Remember, every time your coerce or punish or MAKE a horse behave, you diminish him. Horses are way ahead of humans on the forgiveness trail. We have some catching up to do. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is Observation?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Observation comes in many different forms. You might be using any combination of your senses to at any given time. Once you have learned what your horse is trying to communicate, it is possible to either interrupt the conversation and start a new one without coercion or if the two of you happen to be in a good place, encourage him to continue speaking. What this ultimately does is help to reduce stress in both horse and human so you can both exhale. It allows both of you to get on the same page. With me, you don't buy the manual, you learn how to write your own.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-1591307923140220250?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/03/defining-my-work-in-order-to-help-you.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-2098315319789249748</guid><pubDate>Sat, 27 Mar 2010 22:13:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-27T15:53:33.979-07:00</atom:updated><title>Have You Diminished your Horse?</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/blog3-10-741790.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/blog3-10-741376.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whenever a human coerces a horse into submission it diminishes the horse. Most people have no idea that they do this. It is possible to create relationship with a horse where agreement does away with the need for coercion. I want to get to the point where if I think.. "come with me", the horse simply comes with me. I am almost there. What does this have to do with you the reader? When working with your horse and you ask him to "come with you" and he does, show your appreciation, but if he doesn't, what is the cost to the horse if you make him? You can tell the difference between a horse who has been diminished and coerced and one who hasn't. You might not know what you are seeing, but you can feel it. Just because you were told that horse's aren't capable of such relationship and intelligence, doesn't make it so. Think bigger, dream bigger, speak softly.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-2098315319789249748?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/03/have-you-diminished-your-horse.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-5039920765687187595</guid><pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 15:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-11T08:29:02.333-08:00</atom:updated><title>Building an Athletic Horse Helps Prevent Injury</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fablejumpstreamopt-732053.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 236px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fablejumpstreamopt-731749.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I included this link because the article is written well and gives needed information. I couln't have written it as well and as succinctly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=10679&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-5039920765687187595?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/03/building-athletic-horse-helps-prevent.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-2079198193614012862</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 15:01:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-09T07:18:17.487-08:00</atom:updated><title>Renovation and Sign Up</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/catepillaropt-783659.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/catepillaropt-783353.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I want to remind everyone that my website is going through some growing pains and is under construction. One of the most exciting changes is that the blog will be reserved for training tips. So, if it looks sparse at the moment, it is because all non-training related comments and posts have been deleted. Don't forget to join (bottom right hand side of page). &lt;strong&gt;Stay tuned&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-2079198193614012862?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/03/renovation-and-sign-up.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-2389054615957673342</guid><pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2010 15:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-01T08:54:11.363-08:00</atom:updated><title>Liberty Training</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fable-and-me-opt-768842.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 319px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fable-and-me-opt-768401.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fable-axaa2-739476.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 228px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fable-axaa2-738642.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Training a horse to go at liberty is becoming quite popular these days. It is fun, looks spectacular and provides a different way of working with your horse.  But, try and look at it from the horse's point of view. Horses need and desire leadership. When training at liberty, there is a very delicate balance between what is leadership and what is not.  In essence you must learn how to lead and not lead at the same time.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The liberty horse has to have a well developed thinking mind and be able to make decisions based on what you ask him to do, but at the same time the human has to lead and control the asking.  We access a horse's mind by controlling his feet.  How can we control his feet from a distance yet allow the horse to move freely?  If it sounds confusing you you, imagine how it sounds to the horse?  Proper liberty training is a tricky thing.  Kate teaches liberty training with consideration for the horse.  It is possible to just go out and arbitrarily start to "GET" your horse to do things at liberty. The horse, out of love and willingness to please may respond with what looks to be favorable.  But have you considered that what you are doing may be no better than trick training or conditioned response? That is not true liberty training.  Kate believes that kind of thing can be demeaning to the horse.  He may as well be a trained parrot; a horse without a single original thought.  There is a difference...a huge difference. Call 303-601-7797 or email Katelyn to learn proper liberty training.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Photo 1:&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;em&gt;It is difficult to teach the first manuever as it has to first be done in very close proximity to the horse&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Photo2:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Kate is teaching Fable to collect at liberty.  A horse should be able to go in all gaits in collected posture before learning advanced movements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-2389054615957673342?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/03/liberty-training.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-5622781904946796988</guid><pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 01:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-02-25T18:03:32.710-08:00</atom:updated><title>Please Be Patient...website under renovation</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fableoptimized-785548.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 222px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fableoptimized-785135.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please be patient, I am presently renovating my website.  Look for many changes in 2010. So at the moment it is a bit sparse, but stay tuned for exciting new tips, concepts, articles.......&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-5622781904946796988?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/02/please-be-patientwebsite-under.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-881704625422099470</guid><pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 22:44:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-01T09:01:20.515-08:00</atom:updated><title>Ask and You Shall Receive</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/conference-call-opt-719388.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 279px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/conference-call-opt-719355.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you ride, consider what you are asking your horse and ask it in the softest way you know how. Listen intently. Speak little. Listen and Feel for the answer instead.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every time you ask a horse to do anything for you it is a new conversation. Asking him to take a step is one conversation. Once that is done, the second step is a new conversation. Sometimes a single step is too much to ask and you may have to end the conversation with half a step or the beginning of the try to step. The horse is doing the very best he can. Take what he gives you. Hear what he gives you. Rephrase the question if he doesn't understand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I seldom let the horse have the last word in any conversation no matter how brief. My last word is ALWAYS thank you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learn how to work with your with feel; listening and feeling for your horse. Call Kate at 303-601-7797 or email her to se up an appointment&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-881704625422099470?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/02/ask-and-you-shall-receive.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-1430074498951051541</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 15:35:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-01T09:14:09.758-08:00</atom:updated><title>Consider the Horse when you choose your Gear</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/bits-and-bridlesopt-737699.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 255px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/bits-and-bridlesopt-737228.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Ahh… saddles.  I love the look, the feel and the smell of the leather.  I can sense the care and pride of the craftsman’s hand,  but it is the peeerrrrrfffect feel and fit I am after. Not just for me, but for the horse.&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;Every time I tack up, I check the horse from stem to stern.  When I dismount, I study my pad and the sweat on the horse's back like Holtzman studied the inkblot.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I want a bridle a horse is proud to wear.  One who makes my horse say, "Look at me, this is lovely." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Finding the right bit is a must in my book. Imagine if you had to wear someone else’s boots and they hurt.  So, I have my collection.  It used to be that the snaffle was enough, now I know better.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I consider the horse first and foremost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Learn how to properly outfit your horse with tack that is appropriate for him, his job and you.&lt;br /&gt;Call Katelyn 303-601-7797 or email her to set up an appointment&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-1430074498951051541?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/02/search-for-better-way.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-3802661516952002951</guid><pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 18:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-01T09:16:48.239-08:00</atom:updated><title>Have Humans Lost Their Senses?</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fabledance-706440.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 196px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fabledance-706430.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Civilization has developed in a way that has upset the balance of how humans are taught and encouraged to communicate. People have come to rely primarily on the written and spoken word to interact. That leaves many of the natural instincts or tools in the human communication toolbox to collect dust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This lack of balance can be a real detriment to a human who is attempting to lead and work with a species (horse) that finds little use for the spoken word and even less for the written one. Horses, unlike humans have managed to keep their instincts intact. Many people, on the other hand do not have the sense(s) they were born with. For more on this subject call Katelyn for an appointment 303-601-7797 or email her kate@katelynkent.net&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-3802661516952002951?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/01/have-humans-lost-their-sences.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-5996832193619676741</guid><pubDate>Fri, 15 Jan 2010 22:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-03-01T09:44:14.220-08:00</atom:updated><title>Had it up to here with winter? Try Slow Motion Training</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/horse-abuse-opt-749221.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 218px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/horse-abuse-opt-749218.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You don't have to give up riding with winter weather. You just have to be willing to think outside the box a bit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First of all, I am not a proponent of shoeing a horse unless it is necessary for optimum health and well being. Consequently, I ride outdoors in the winter. But even then, there are times when it is too muddy (Colorado clay turns to grease), or the snow is too crusty or slick. These are the days that I take advantage of less than optimal weather conditions and practice slow motion training. Many people, trainers included, forget that controlling the feet leads to tapping into the mind. If you can get very precise movements at a walk or a standstill, it will greatly improve your working relationship with your horse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try this exercise:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While mounted, see how little it takes for you to ask your horse to take one foot and move it forward and stop. Now, can you get him to bring that same foot back to a square stop? Can you get your horse rock forward, but not take a step? How about backward? Now ask your horse to move one foot backward or one foot sideways. What you are working on here is very important stuff. It may sound easy or even boring, but try it first before you scoff. This is a great exercise in feel. Jack Brainard, master that he is, asked me if I could get my horse to swing only his back end back and forth in a swaying motion. I worked on that for the better part of an hour before I figured out what needed to happen to get my horse to do what Jack calls, "The Hula". It took days to perfect it, and I still mess it up. I will give you the same hint he gave me. &lt;em&gt;The key is to find a way to get the horse to separate his front feet to a place that is wider than his shoulders and keep them there.&lt;/em&gt; Have a nice Hawaiian vacation! Let me know how it turns out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information and training tips call or email kate.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-5996832193619676741?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2010/01/slow-motion-training.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-4146569857092279971</guid><pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:04:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-12-10T07:12:25.814-08:00</atom:updated><title>I Ride</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/IMG00029-20090528-1410---Copy-789692.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/IMG00029-20090528-1410---Copy-789314.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A page from an 87 yr old. horsewoman's journal&lt;br /&gt;This is for all the women here who will no doubt shed a tear as they nod in agreement and for the men in the group who might just understand why we do what we do. I hope my fingers still work well enough that I may write something like this when I am 87. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I Ride &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I ride. That seems like such a simple statement. However as many women who ride know it is really a complicated matter. It has to do with power and empowerment. Being able to do things you might have once considered &lt;br /&gt;out of reach or ability. I have considered this as I shovel &lt;br /&gt;manure, fill water barrels in the cold rain, wait for the &lt;br /&gt;vet/farrier/electrician/hay delivery, change a tire on a horse trailer by the side of the freeway, or cool a gelding out before getting down to the business of drinking a &lt;br /&gt;cold beer after a long ride. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The time, the money, the effort it takes to ride calls for &lt;br /&gt;dedication. At least I call it dedication. Both my ex-husbands call it 'the sickness'. It's a sickness I've had since I was a small girl bouncing my model horses and dreaming of the day I would ride a real horse. Most of the women I ride with understand the meaning of 'the sickness'. It's not a sport. It's not a hobby. It's what we do and, in some ways, who we are as women and human beings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I ride. I hook up my trailer and load my gelding. I haul to some trailhead somewhere, unload, saddle, whistle up my dog and I ride. I breathe in the air, watch the sunlight filter through the trees and savor the movement of my horse. My shoulders relax. A smile rides my sunscreen smeared face. I pull my ball cap down and let the real world fade into the tracks my horse leaves in the dust. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Time slows. Flying insects buzz loudly, looking like fairies. My &lt;br /&gt;gelding flicks his ears and moves down the trail. I can smell &lt;br /&gt;his sweat and it is perfume to my senses. Time slows. The rhythm of the walk and the movement of the leaves become my focus. My saddle creaks and the leather rein in my hand softens with the warmth. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I consider the simple statement; I ride. I think of all I do &lt;br /&gt;because I ride. Climb granite slabs, wade into a freezing lake, race a friend through the Manzanita all the while laughing and feeling my heart in my chest. Other days just the act of mounting and dismounting can be a real accomplishment. Still I ride, no matter how tired or how &lt;br /&gt;much my seat bones or any of the numerous horse related injuries hurt. I ride. And I feel better for doing so. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The beauty I've seen because I ride amazes me. I've ridden out to find lakes that remain for the most part, unseen. Caves, dark and cold beside rivers full and rolling are the scenes I see in my dreams. The Granite Stairway at Echo Summit, bald eagles on the wing and bobcats on the prowl add to the empowerment and joy in my heart. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think of the people, mostly women, I've met. I consider how &lt;br /&gt;competent they all are. Not a weenie amongst the bunch.. We haul 40ft rigs, we back into tight spaces without clipping a tree. We set up camp. Tend the horses. We cook and keep safe. We understand and love our companions, the horse. We respect each other and those we encounter on &lt;br /&gt;the trail. We know that if you are out there riding, you also &lt;br /&gt;shovel, fill, wait and doctor. Your hands are a little rough and you travel with out makeup or hair gel. You do without to afford the 'sickness' and probably, when you were a small girl, you bounced a model horse while you dreamed of riding a real one. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My treasures do not chink or glitter, They gleam in the sun and neigh in the night"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-4146569857092279971?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/12/i-ride.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-5924397327146158817</guid><pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 01:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-12T17:28:03.472-08:00</atom:updated><title>More about Cowboy Dressage</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/moondance-web-706433.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 256px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/moondance-web-705516.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I never write about what I have not experimented with or tried out and tested, so here goes: I have been working with and upping my learning curve on Cowboy Dressage. I have found that from a training perspective, "CD" is not the easiest way to go. The rider must be truly committed to letting go of preconceived notions and the "paint by numbers" picture that we see on TV and at Modern Dressage shows and competitions. You have got to be willing to toss out old ideas and think outside the box a bit....something that is right up my alley, but not for the lemming. Cowboy Dressage is for those spirited individuals that are open to a new way of being around horses. That is its charm and appeal. The question one must ask is, "Am I willing and ready to look at movement of the horse and rider from a place that likens itself to the flow of a mountain stream or the breeze as it caresses the willow?" Remember, a willow gets its strength from its ability to bend and the stream curls itself around rocks and branches. It has clear purpose, but negotiates its path without force.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yes,I have the tendency to wax poetic, but what else is the nature of the horse if not poetry in motion?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-5924397327146158817?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/11/more-about-cowboy-dressage.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-7740450878703133382</guid><pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 15:07:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-10T16:17:06.286-08:00</atom:updated><title>Cowboy Dressage</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/spanish-walk1-opt-741061.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 298px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/spanish-walk1-opt-740690.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have been absent and for that I am sorry. It has been for a very good reason, so after you hear my reasoning, you will perhaps forgive. As many of you know, when I work with horses, my first and primary consideration is that of the horse, not the agenda or the ego or the trappings of the human. Well my friends, I have finally found a way to make it all work. I have become party to a movement in the horse world where humans can compete in a discipline, have fun without guilt or fear abusing or mistreating ones horse, make new friends and best of all bring out the highest and best in your horse..any horse. &lt;strong&gt;All that is needed is a good attitude, the intention of being the best you and your horse can be as partners, a western saddle and an adventurous spirit.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is nothing wrong with healthy competition, but I feel Modern Dressage has taken a wrong turn. The stakes have become too high and the horse is suffering. Even the breed and discipline associations are taking notice. The goal is to bring back some semblance of reasonableness and truth to Dressage; the way the classic masters meant it to be, but with a little Western flair and Cowboy feel. &lt;strong&gt;Cowboy Dressage is truly a breath of fresh air. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For years I have been cross training horses and teaching them to do all kinds of unlikely things for their breeds or presumed athletic abilities or lack thereof. This practice has made much of my career possible and certainly made for novel conversation and fun workshops and clinics, but until I discovered Cowboy Dressage, there was never an organised or widely recognised venue to show the masses what I do; which is simply to try to bring out the best in a horse while keeping his well being intact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My goal is and will always be to honor the horse by showing that all horses, not just the ones with 6 figure breeding, are capable of so much more than we allow ourselves to imagine. Within that walnut sized horse brain is a universe full of untapped beauty, grace and wonder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cowboy Dressage allows the horse and human to ride to lightness and balance in a way that honors the true essence of Dressage.&lt;/strong&gt; I will continue tomorrow or the next day to tell more of this story, but for now, google Cowboy Dressage or get on YouTube and search its founder Eitan Beth-Halachmy, my mentor! I would make it easy for you and give the link, but this journey is much more fun if you do it for yourself.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-7740450878703133382?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/11/cowboy-dressage.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>2</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-6020833193095983056</guid><pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2009 23:33:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T17:42:31.966-07:00</atom:updated><title>A few words about Desensitization</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/watershot2opt-715101.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 274px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/watershot2opt-714649.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/g5-copy-761380.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 304px; height: 320px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/g5-copy-761367.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The definition of Desensitization: The elimination or reduction of natural or acquired reactivity or sensitivity to an external stimulus, a behavior modification technique, used especially in treating phobias, in which panic or other undesirable emotional response to a given stimulus is reduced or extinguished, especially by repeated exposure to that stimulus. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In theory, use of techniques to 'desensitize' a horse to certain stimulous is not a bad thing. I believe there is a decided lack of awareness about how and when to put the theory into practice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many misunderstand the art and science of desensitization.  In my experience when a a horse is "desensitized" arbitrarily or without consideration, a couple of things can happen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The horse can cope by choosing to avoid the situation entirely by going deep inside himself to a "happy place". The horse is in essense blocking the entire situation out. When the horse wakes up and comes back to the present, he is startled not by the object or thing that he was originally frightened of, but by his surroundings..ie. "Where am I?"  The horse owner then misreads the startled horse and inappropriately desensitizes some more. It becomes a viscious and unhelpful circle with no good end for anyone.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The horse becomes dull and apethetic from being over-desensitized or desensitized for no good reason by an over zealous owner. The horse just doesn't give a hoot anymore. Think of the string horse. He loses his spirit to protect his very soul. That is a very sad commentary.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So when and how do you decide when a horse needs desensitization? Ask a few questions: Is the horse dangerous? Is the behavior really terrible or just an annoyance to the human ego? Is it really a behavioral issue or is the behavior caused by the ineptitude of the human rider?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Something else you might want to think about: &lt;br /&gt;What other behaviors are inadvertently affected by desensitizing the "problem" behavior? For instance, a person decides he wants to desensitize a horse to keep him from spooking at sticks on the path or trail. The human must first ask him/herself why is the horse afraid? The fear may be irrational or he might just have a healthy fear of snakes. So, the human beats the stick problem (pun intended), and ends up with a horse who is bitten by a rattlesnake because he then sees them as no threat. This is an extreme and very unlikely example.  However, if you apply that kind of thinking before-hand, you can avoid a lot of problems for you and your horse in the future. First and foremost, consider the horse.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-6020833193095983056?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/09/few-words-about-desensitization.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-340754838357436890</guid><pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2009 14:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-16T08:03:05.373-07:00</atom:updated><title>A bit about Bits</title><description>This is a very short post, but an important one.  Please stay tuned for this feature article.  I will discuss the use, misconceptions and misuse of bits and point you in the right direction to educating yourself about bits,bitless bridles, hackemores...all the inventions humans have created to "speak" to the horses' mouth. It will be worth the read.  Have a great day and RIDE WITH CONSIDERATION AND AWARENESS FOR YOUR HORSE.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-340754838357436890?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/09/bit-about-bits.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-2449395941822922149</guid><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 13:44:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-10T16:04:37.084-08:00</atom:updated><title>Cueing a horse at the walk</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fabledance-747161.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 196px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/fabledance-747150.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you want to do advanced moves with a horse, it is important to cue him at the right time.  Most people cue a movement arbitrarily, with no thought to whether or not the horse will be able to execute the move when they are asked. When you repeatedly cue a horse at the wrong time, a few things start to happen: You will get a movement other than something that you asked for.  You will have to give an inordinate amount of rein support (tugging on your horse) and/or the horse will become hardened to the leg, the rein or both.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Let's say you are walking along and your left foot is on the ground and your right foot is in the air. Your friend asks you to move your left foot one step to the side, "NOW." You couldn't do it uness you hopped or put the right foot down first. Either way your movement will be slow, awkward or late. Your friend isn't happy with &lt;br /&gt;your lack of compliance, so the next time he asks, he gives you a shove on the right side to "help" you get your left foot to the left. The shove puts you off balance or worse.&lt;br /&gt;You get the picture.  Horse's are no different except that they have 4 feet to deal with instead of 2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Here is the key:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If your friend asked you for the step to the side just before your left foot leaves the ground, your step to the side would be smooth and immediate. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus, in  order for a horse to respond to you "asking" for a movement, you must cue the foot just before it leaves the ground.  It is the only way he can move smoothly and lightly. In the previous blog entry, I showed you how the horse moves at the walk. Your job is to figure out not only when the horse's foot strikes the ground, but when it leaves. Cue him then.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-2449395941822922149?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/08/cueing-horse-at-walk.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-5541783159699855878</guid><pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2009 15:41:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-18T09:58:46.037-07:00</atom:updated><title>Cueing a horses foot at a walk: the listening.</title><description>The walk is the most important, most difficult to understand and most under-utilized of all the gaits.  The walk sets things up for everything that is to follow. This next exercise is is going to take a bit of patience on the part of the rider. The first part is about listening with all of your senses. Later we will talk about the doing.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exercise&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Get on your horse and just walk.  Allow him to move the way nature intended.  There is no point in putting him in a frame or kicking or pulling to get the kind of walk YOU might want.  Let him decide for a moment. Now isolate each sense one at a time.  What do you see, smell, hear, feel etc.? Really focus on the rythym of the horses footfalls and how it effects him and then how it effects you. You can learn a lot about a horse and yourself by just allowing both of you to relax and walk. Notice everything and do nothing. Are you breathing?  Is your shoulder locked? Are you nervous or relaxed? Is his gait smooth in cadence or not?...make up your own list.  Ride this way for no less than 20 minutes. &lt;strong&gt;Hint:&lt;/strong&gt; If you start getting bored, you aren't paying attention.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-5541783159699855878?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/08/cueing-horses-foot-at-walk-listening.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>2</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-8059025449831916205</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2009 13:58:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-17T17:13:03.880-07:00</atom:updated><title>Phases of the Walk</title><description>&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk1-701766.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 122px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk1-701763.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk3-768921.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 120px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk3-768918.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk4-768942.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 120px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk4-768940.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk5-794798.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 118px;" src="http://blog.katelynkent.net/uploaded_images/walk5-794794.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How can anyone expect to get anything done on a horse if you don't know where the feet are?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The walk is a 4 beat movement. As the right hind foot wrapped in purple steps forward and strikes the ground it pushes the right front foot wrapped in pink forward&lt;em&gt; (photo 1)&lt;/em&gt;. The right front foot strikes the ground and pulls the left hind foot wrapped in blue forward &lt;em&gt;(photo 2&lt;/em&gt;). The left hind foot strikes the ground and pushes the left front foot wrapped in red forward &lt;em&gt;(photo 3&lt;/em&gt;). The left front foot strikes the ground and pulls the right hind foot wrapped in purple forward and the cycle repeats &lt;em&gt;(photo 4&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exercise:&lt;/strong&gt; See if you can find the moment where each foot strikes the ground.  This is the strike phase. The front feet are the easiest to find so we can start there.  Count &lt;strong&gt;1..2..1..2..&lt;/strong&gt;as the feet strike. Feel what your body is doing when this happens. No cheating! Yes, you can stare at the shoulder to find it at first, but don't get into the bad habit of using that technique to find the motion. Staring at a horses shoulder will just serve to put your horse further on his front end. Listen for the thump as the foot strikes. However, Seeing and hearing is helpful, but feeling is the key.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hint:&lt;/strong&gt; What is your body doing as the front feet strike? Pay attention to your hips and breathe. Sitting pretty won't help you much here. Loosen up and allow your body to follow the horse's movement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next do the same thing with the hind.&lt;strong&gt; 1..2..1..2.&lt;/strong&gt; If you can't get this one, as you count out loud, have a friend validate that you have it right. Listen for the thump as the foot strikes. Again, the object is to feel it so pay attention to what your body does as the horse moves.  Allow yourself to relax and move with your horse. Don't do or force anything. Grinding your seat into the horse's back to move him forward ruins the cadence, tightens your body and makes for a resentful horse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next, find the moment just prior to when the horse's feet leave the ground. This is the push-off phase. First concentrate on the front, then the rear. Count it out: &lt;strong&gt;1..2..1..2.. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hint:&lt;/strong&gt; The horses front feet leave the ground at a place under the belly or saddle and strike in front toward the nose.  The hind feet strike the ground under the belly or the saddle and leave the ground behind the tail. You aren't going to have much luck seeing this one.  This is one you are going to have to feel. Use what you have learned about the strike phase of the walk to aid you in this part of the exercise. Practice until you can call out any foot at random in the strike or push phase of the walk.  Once you can do that, you are ready for the next step.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next: How to move a horse's foot at a walk.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-8059025449831916205?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/08/phases-of-walk.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink='false'>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5646423473572663428.post-34315308728033986</guid><pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2009 15:23:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-08-14T09:23:12.440-07:00</atom:updated><title>Listen and Feel for the Horse</title><description>I have chosen to use this well known but little understood quote by the late Tom Dorrance as the introduction to my blog.  Many careers have risen and fallen and countless dollars spent trying to interpret and understand these 6 little words.  What Tom said almost a century ago exemplifies my goal in helping to create and forwarding a new era in Horsemanship, based on increasing awareness and consciousness. Humans need to re-examine who and what they have become around horses.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I believe that all horses really want from us is to remember who and what we truly are as humans. With that in mind and heart our horse's can continue their work for us, but they can also know that we are willing to listen to what they need to make it easier for them to do so.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A horse has a lot to say if you are willing to open yourself up to hear. It isn't difficult or reserved for psychics and communicators.  In fact what I have to share really doesn't have much to do with any of that.  What I hope to share with you is how to pay attention and what to pay attention to. Consciousness and awareness shows no prejudice for training method or discipline.   However, in the process you might just learn how your horse sees what you do and in turn how you view what your horse does in response.&lt;br /&gt;Tomorrow: Tips and an exercise in feel&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5646423473572663428-34315308728033986?l=blog.katelynkent.net' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://blog.katelynkent.net/2009/08/listen-and-feel-for-horse.html</link><author>kate@katelynkent.net (Katelyn Kent)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                